The Main Principles Of Roofing Contractor

The Greatest Guide To Residential Roofing

 

Among the most common problems with roof coverings is that they are not properly blinked. Flashing is the material that is made use of to secure the sides of the roofing, and also it is necessary to make certain that this material is properly mounted. If it is not, then water can permeate in as well as trigger damage to your ceilings and also walls.


An additional common trouble with roofing systems is that they are not effectively ventilated. Air flow aids to eliminate excess warmth as well as dampness, and it is very important to make certain that your roof covering has enough air flow. roofing contractor. Without appropriate air flow, your attic can end up being exceptionally hot in the summertime, which can create damage to your Roofing system repair Arlington MA.


At some point, every house owner will certainly need to replace their roof. Whether it's due to age, damage, or merely aesthetic appeals, there are numerous points to think about when selecting a new roofing system.

 

 

 

The Single Strategy To Use For Residential Roofing


Ceramic tile roofing systems are likewise very durable and can last for many years with proper treatment. The roof is one of the most important components of your home, as well as the rain gutters play a vital duty in maintaining it in great condition.


As a result, it is necessary to maintain them tidy and also in great repair work. Clogged up seamless gutters can cause water to support against the roof, resulting in leaks and various other damages. They can additionally trigger ice dams to form, which can bring about severe roofing damage. If you see any kind of issues with your gutters, it is very important to have them fixed as soon as feasible.


Ponding water on your roof covering can be a cause for worry. While it holds true that a little water can really be excellent for your roofing system, excessive ponding water can lead to issues. If the ponding water is permitted to sit for as well long, it can begin to leak right into your residence, causing damage to your wall surfaces and also ceiling.

 

 

 

The Basic Principles Of Commercial Roofing




If you discover ponding water on your roof covering, it's essential to take activity right away. You can eliminate the water by utilizing a pump or by draining it away with a tube. Once the water is gone, you must evaluate your roof for any damage. If you discover any type of leakages or various other issues, you need to have them repaired as soon as possible.

 

 

 

Roof RepairCommercial Roofing
Wood tremble roof coverings can last up to 30 years, whereas roofing systems developed of tougher products like copper or floor tile might last up to 50 years. Understanding a couple of aspects of your roof covering's background additional resources and also how it was built can help you determine its life span. If the last time your house's roofing was changed the new roof shingles were layered over the old ones, your roofing will likely have a shorter life expectancy.

 

 

 

 


Granules are installed right into asphalt shingles to protect them from sunlight damage. Patchy, inconsistent shade across your roof is an additional indication your shingles are enduring from as well much granule loss.

 

 

 

Little Known Facts About Residential Roofing.


They are commonly simple to find because they generally cause noticeable damage inside your home. Water discolorations, peeling off or bubbling paint, and also touches on the walls are all timeless indications of a leaky roof. If your residence has an attic, you need to do an aesthetic inspection for various other indications of leaking or damages.

 

 

 

 


Water damage can be disastrous to even the toughest of homes. If you observe leaks or water damage, my site you need to set up to have fixings done or a replacement roof covering installed immediately to lessen damage to various other parts of your house. Mold and mildew frequently goes together with roof leaks and also are indicative of built-up condensation.


Mold created by roof leaks usually grows on the ceiling or walls since the water stems from the top of your house as well as trickles downward. If your house has an attic room, take a flashlight up there and also perform a thorough visual evaluation. Be certain to keep in mind any kind of unusual smells also.

 

 

 

Roof Repair Things To Know Before You Buy

 

Commercial RoofingRoofing Contractor
In enhancement to noticeable signs of damages within your house, you may additionally discover moss or algae expanding on the shingles themselves. This might be a sign the roof shingles are very old as well as beginning to rot. Old, rotten roof shingles do not offer important link your roofing the very same security as brand-new, resilient tiles.


This can compromise the stability of your residence as well as the security of your family members. You can check your roofing's architectural health with a straightforward visual evaluation. Situate yourself on your driveway or in the road before your residence so you have a clear, unobstructed view of your roofline.


Visible curves, dips, as well as sways are all proof of an architectural concern. You can perform a second visual inspection by climbing into your attic. Admire where the rafters satisfy the ridge line (the idea of the triangular). If the form is anything however a crisp triangular, this might be an indicator the rafters are bowed or the ridge line is dipping.

 

 

 

Getting The Roofing Contractor To Work


The underlying reason is not generally something you can repair by yourself. Time is of the essence when attending to a droopy roof covering. Over time, a structural issue that was when small and also local can infect become severe as well as effect other parts of your house, in addition to being very expensive to take care of.


We can analyze your roof and let you know if you need simple repairs or a full substitute to maintain the security and also charm of your house. Offer us a telephone call today! (residential roofing).
 

Top Guidelines Of Germantown Roof Pros

The Main Principles Of Roofing Company


Changing entire sections of a roofing system costs around $2,823 generally. The exact rate of roof covering repairs will differ relying on the kind of repair work, the size of the roofing system, and what products are used. Continuous labor and product scarcities, triggered in part by the COVID-19 pandemic, might likewise drive up market value.




Germantown Roof Pros Roofing CompanyRoofer


Whether your roof is in demand of minor repair services, a full overhaul, or simply a deep tidy, Tack is here to help. Begin by entering your zip code, after that check out a checklist of regional experts. Each service provider has their own profile, which reveals consumer reviews, a list of solutions and pricing.


* A note regarding job costs included in this write-up: Figures represent nationwide average expense price quotes making use of data given by Thumbtack pros and also extra study. Usual Indications of Roofing System Failing & What You Ought to Do concerning Them


Your roofing is arguably among one of the most integral parts of your home. It secures your household, your valuables, as well as the structure of your house from external elements. When Buffalo's extreme weather beginnings to take its toll, it is essential to acknowledge the requirement for important fixings. We recognize that house owners never ever anticipate the expense of roof repair work but keep in mind that a complete roof replacement is far extra costly.




Germantown Roof Pros New RoofGermantown Roof Pros Roofer


At William C. Rott as well as Boy, we perform free assessments to aid homeowners understand when roofing system and also ceiling repair services are needed. During our evaluations, we try to find several indications of damage and also these are 4 warnings that suggest repairs are required. If you see any one of these signs, schedule a professional inspection ASAP.




The 30-Second Trick For Germantown Roof Pros Germantown


Out of sight, out of mind? There are numerous kinds of roof covering shingles (consisting of asphalt, steel, clay, and also slate), but one of the most usual kind below in Buffalo is asphalt. Over time, asphalt tiles will begin to show indications of deterioration. Some degeneration is anticipated, view out for: Considerable discoloration Crinkling Crumbling Mold/mildew development Broken ceramic tiles We likewise suggest looking for granules in your seamless gutters.


A seamless gutter filled with granules can indicate some seriously broken roofing tiles, so focus. If you see any of these issues, contact a professional to replace broken roof tiles before they intensify. It's a lot far better to fix or replace a couple of than to recognize you need important source a whole roof covering substitute.


Higher wetness degrees, particularly after a storm, can show that your roof covering has fractures or holes. The most noticeable indications tend to consist of: An increase in allergen Build or mildew development Abrupt allergic reaction troubles Damp air as well as sticky surface areas Condensation on home windows, mirrors, or pipelines Peeling off paint or fractured stucco Musty, stale smells Extreme moisture degrees aren't just harmful to your home.




Indicators on Germantown Roof Pros You Need To Know




Remain on top of your roof covering's requirements. A basic patch local roofing contractors can sometimes take care of a leak, and that's certainly better over requiring a full substitute once the leak gets worse.


If you observe sudden increases, without clear explanations, there may be a leakage in your roof. Most of us found out in science class that warmth increases. During a chilly Buffalo winter season, if every one of your home's warm air is leaving up read more with harmed roofing system tiles, your units will have to function double time to keep the structure warm.


In a similar way, in the summer season, you do not want your expensive a/c escaping via damaged tiles. Maintain a close eye on your energy use and also check into the circumstance if there's a serious spike. Luckily, the remedy might be arranging a fast flash repair work or changing the seals around your roofing's vents.




The 30-Second Trick For Roofing Company


Buffalo's extreme weather is hard on roofs. Also our rainstorms can be serious as well as unrelenting. When water gets under your shingles, it can damage the structure of your house and also result in rotting timber. This can after that trigger your outdoor decking and also rafters to sag. In the winters, snow can additionally rest on your roofing for days or even weeks.


The weight of the snow alone can cause your roofing to sag. Bear in mind that drooping could be difficult to see from the exterior. You can make use of a ladder to look around, but you may additionally intend to examine from inside the attic or in your crawl room. Roofer. Visual inspections are extremely crucial to capture these concerns prior to they aggravate.




 


When you see the very first indication and assume you might require roof repair services, call a skilled roof leakage repair firm. An experienced professional will aid you recognize architectural damage as well as act to remedy issues quickly. Most of us intend to shield our loved ones and our homes from the severe Buffalo climate.




Germantown Roof Pros New Roof Things To Know Before You Get This


Routine evaluations as well as little roof shingle repair services minimize the need for huge, pricey substitutes. Aesthetically examine your roofing system typically and also call a specialist if you detect a problem. Problems with tiles, high dampness degrees, power use spikes, and also drooping are all things to seek. Do not wait to protect your residence from damages.


Get In Touch With William C. Rott & Kid for all your demands, consisting of cost-free inspections, budget-friendly roof covering repair service solutions, and also overall roof covering replacements with 0% financing as well as year of no payments for certified customers.

 

Getting My Roofer In Little Falls Nj To Work

The Best Guide To Roofer In Little Falls Nj


In the future, you will certainly likewise have the possibility to monetize this target market as well as you might even have the ability to make even more money from those electronic channels than from your day job. Since you understand all the advantages of becoming a contractor, we must now look at the drawbacks that occur with it to make sure that you get a more comprehensive image of what a job as a roofer truly appears like.


Quite commonly, you will have to function on the roofs of individuals and also this means that you will certainly have to stabilize your body on a regular basis. You will certainly likewise have to lift hefty floor tiles on a continual basis.


Spine issues and significant back discomfort are rather typical as well as these problems might become worse once people obtain older. If you do not desire to work in a literally demanding atmosphere and likewise desire to minimize your risk of experiencing from physical health concerns, chances are that you need to not come to be a contractor but instead job in an office setting instead.




Facts About Roofer In Little Falls Nj Revealed


Roofer in Little Falls NJRoofer in Little Falls NJ
There are lots of roofing professionals dropping from roofing systems every year as well as some of them even shed their lives due to those mishaps. Certain, the threat that you are just one of them is reasonably small. The opportunity exists as well as you need to as a result additionally make certain that you are ready to take on this danger before you decide that you want to function in this area.


Certain, you will frequently make enough money to cover your standard costs. You will certainly still just earn a tiny fraction of what other people like medical professionals or investment bankers make. Make certain that money is not your key driver in life prior to you determine for a career as a roof covering auto mechanic.


As soon as you get older and also are no longer able to function, you might additionally no longer have adequate money to pay rental fee and other standard costs. Consequently, you might lose your home and might even wind up homeless. Numerous roofing professionals are also not able to afford healthiness insurance.




The smart Trick of Roofer In Little Falls Nj That Nobody is Talking About


While functioning outdoors can be nice throughout times of sunlight as well as nice temperature levels, it can also be quite bothersome and laborious during times of poor weather. As a matter of fact, lots of contractors have to function in the cold while other individuals operate in rather comfy settings indoors as well as you must see to it that you want to function under these extreme conditions my link before you decide for a job as a contractor.




Hence, prior to becoming a roofing contractor, make certain that this is what you truly want to do for the rest of your life to stay clear of any problems hereof. Roofing contractors likewise don't have the highest social standing. While your clients might value your work, lots of various other individuals in culture might belittle what you provide for a living as well as some individuals will also attempt to bring you down.




 

 



An additional trouble with functioning as a roofing professional is that likewise your clients can be demanding. While a lot of your clients will certainly value your job, others just can't enjoy and will frequently look for a scapegoat where they can launch their irritation. Therefore, likewise ensure that you understand how to manage challenging people before you make a decision for a roofer profession.




Roofer In Little Falls Nj Can Be Fun For Anyone


As a roofer, you will additionally have you could try here to exist at job face to face. While numerous other individuals who operate in workplace jobs will have the ability to function remotely, you will certainly need to commute to work daily and this suggests that you will certainly have to invest great deals of money and time on it in the future.




 


When you age, you may also merely no longer have the power to function as a roofer and also may need to quit your task over time. Roofer in Little Falls NJ. Subsequently, you might no longer be able to pay your expenses and also might experience serious poverty. Being a Roofer Pros, Being a Roofing Professional Disadvantages, Contractors do not have to deal with weekend breaks, Roofers don't make great cash, You don't need to operate at nighttime, Old-age hardship may end up being a problem, Roofers take pleasure in good work-life balance, Lack of appropriate medical insurance, Working as a roofing contractor is instead relaxed, Crashes are fairly typical for roofing professionals, You can assist your close friends, You may have to quit your task, Contractors can make money on the side, Being a roofing professional is physically demanding, You can start electronic networks, Contractors have an instead low social status, You can begin your very own roof service, Difficult to switch fields, High degree of job safety and security for contractors, Customers can be requiring, You see the results of your labor, You have to work outdoors Web Site As you can see from the previous evaluation, there are many advantages as well as disadvantages of being a roofer.


In my viewpoint, people often make the error to choose their profession solely based on just how much money they can gain from it rather than doing what makes them really pleased. This is quite unfortunate and I just wish to give individuals a much more unbiased image of exactly how a fulfilling career can resemble.




Roofer In Little Falls Nj Things To Know Before You Buy


Roofer in Little Falls NJRoofer in Little Falls NJ
Nonetheless, I have actually given up pretty right after that since I haven't located real meaning in my task. Currently I can do what I actually enjoy to do and also I intend to enable as many other people as well to go this exciting path in the direction of joy rather of cash. I performed various interviews with employees to give you a great perception of what operating in various fields will appear like which you can make the most effective possible decision regarding your future profession selection.

 

Metal Roofing Philadelphia Things To Know Before You Buy

Things about United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Commercial Roofers

 

They can take care of huge and also tiny jobs, insurance policy, as well as non-insurance. They might have several workplaces as well as larger service locations. They can supply long-term warranties and also premium alternatives. They concentrate on customer support and also long-lasting connections. They aren't always the least expensive alternative. They may not want to use low-grade products simply to match a rival's cost or win the bid.

 

 

 

United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Metal RoofUnited Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Commercial Roofers

 
 

 


Generally, they do one or the various other, but not both. Sales roofing professionals have a tendency to have a big sales pressure, which means they can schedule your roofing system substitute quickly. You'll probably be required to pay attention to a formal discussion prior to you acquire. They'll likewise likely call for that all decision makers go to that meeting.

 

 

 

Fascination About Metal Roofing Philadelphia


While they have a whole lot of options offered, this type of roofing professional commonly provides the highest possible priced choices. Be prepared to discuss for the materials and also prices you really feel most comfortable with. Also, if you disturb the presentation to ask difficult inquiries, the sales representative will sometimes obtain offended.

 

 

 

 


Find out more regarding zero-interest financing below. Due to the fact that these are large firms, they'll obtain the work done. They aren't concentrated on the consumer experience, and also you'll see that distinction from the initial time you speak with them. Retail sales roofers will do typical roof covering replacements and also must have a client service division.

 

 

 

An Unbiased View of United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Emergency Roof Repair

 

 


They may supply internal financing (i. e., zero-percent funding) or anticipate you to spend for the roof expense. If a sales contractor is a tornado chaser, that's typically all they do. They're insurance-focused, as well as their entire company is looking after the insurance policy process for you. They'll request for a lengthy sales presentation with all decision makers existing, which offers you the opportunity to ask any type of questions you may have.

 

 

 

Metal Roofing PhiladelphiaUnited Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Metal Roof
They may have accessibility to a large range of products, which can aid you find a rate you're comfy with. They usually have numerous crews, which suggests they may be able to obtain to your job quicker.

 

 

 

Some Known Incorrect Statements About United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia


Service could not be available after your roof covering has been fixed and also the crews have actually left the area. As you can see, each type of roofing contractor has their pros as well as disadvantages.


Review your alternatives meticulously, and also make the selection that you feel most comfortable with.

 

 

 

Things about United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia


There are varying sorts of roof covering solutions readily available depending on the current and also existing need that generally dictates the choice that you ought to make. Numerous elements generally guide the specific roofing solution that opts for and it is of utmost significance that one assesses them all before choosing to ensure that the service chosen click for more is one of the most suitable one based on demand, use, and also application.


This is the solution that constantly comes before all else. It is necessary as component of the preliminary steps before picking what you prefer to do and also the exact type of solution that you require. It develops and also gives an appropriate basis for your decision-making after an evaluation is done so that you are completely aware as well as observant of the problem at hand as well as the most excellent remedy for the exact same.

 

 

 

Excitement About United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia


This is done as an option to replacing the whole roofing system altogether. Fixings are classified right into two to consist of roofing system and also leak repair services. Roof covering fixings are considered a less costly option although it is an option with a minimal level of durability considering that one repair usually demands click an additional, as the roof covering obtains older.




You should be always mindful that a substitute is not constantly necessary especially if the affected location is not big; therefore, staying clear of misdirection is additionally very necessary, as numerous roof companies are bent on make a fast dollar. Drip repair services likewise are available in handy as an instant solution to avoid more wear and tear as well as chaos, which may lead to an entire roof replacement.

 

 

 

The Main Principles Of Commercial Roofing Philadelphia


This remains in relation to gutters, which are often neglected as well as overlooked. This ought to not be the case because this may have severe effects on the roof as a whole. Whenever the gutters are in poor shape, they tend of being not able to guide the water away from your house, as they ought to.


This indicates that an instant repair work in the afflicted area needs to be done to guarantee that Resources such issues are relieved. Seamless gutter fixing need to be considered prior to taking the vibrant action and also making a decision to change the gutters entirely. Gutter cleaning is necessary where there is extreme clogging due to the deposits as well as other particles, which decide on the seamless gutters impeding the water from flowing as perfectly as it should certainly.

 

 

 

Rumored Buzz on United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Commercial Roofers


This is an extremely unique solution where the appropriate kind of shingles needs to be selected with respect to the bespoke layouts and colors available. This indicates that choosing the best business is crucial to ensure that you can select from a number of sensible choices and have this solution provided by a company that is seasoned hence making certain that the roof shingles are mounted in an impeccable as well as immaculate fashion.

 

 

 

Commercial Roofing PhiladelphiaUnited Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Emergency Roof Repair
You need to pensively assume and consider the most effective alternative from the several solutions that have actually been mentioned above based upon your wants as well as preference. Further, you ought to always be careful as well as ensure that you involve a reliable company.

 

 

 

Some Known Facts About Metal Roofing Philadelphia.


Whether establishing a brand-new roofing on your new Ottawa house or changing one that is older that is no more executing its task, there are great deals of alternatives in terms of the kinds of roof covering products available. A few of the different choices include roof shingles asphalt, tile, steel as well as several various other sorts of roofing.
 

Excitement About Mtm Roofing

The Main Principles Of Mtm Roofing

 

A regular asphalt roofing system can last 15 to 20 years. During that time, your roofing can suffer damage from high winds, hail storm, damaged branches, as well as tree damage.


Water damages, noticeable light on the roof covering, or drooping outdoor decking or rafters, are hints that you need to call a roofing professional. If your energy bills are more than common, call a roof covering business and also get your roofing checked for damages. If you keep your roof covering in great repair work, you can lengthen the requirement for a complete substitute.


roof replacements if you wish to dive deeper right into this subject. It depends on the dimension of your roof covering, just how obtainable it is, and the kind of roof covering material. For instance, a shingle roof covering typically sets you back around $450 to $825 to repair, while floor tile roofings depending on the product, will cost more.


In basic, calling a roofing specialist is recommended for any roof job. The requirements for what makes a great roof covering professional can vary, but below is a listing of traits to look for:.

 

 

 

Mtm Roofing - Questions

 

 


It's simply a roofing? From one of the several styles of gable roofings you generally see on homes to domed layouts like that of the Capitol Building, many of those distinct roofing layouts have actually continued to be used over the years.


Metal roofs differ in quality of product as well as cost. On standard, a steel roofing can set you back anywhere from $9,750-42,750 - https://www.techbookmarks.com/author/mtmroofingut/. 6 Interlocking ceramic tiles simulate slate, clay or shingles as well as resist damage triggered by hefty rainfalls (up to 8.


They're an economical, efficient selection for damp, windy areas or locations prone to wildfires. 7 Stone layered steel is taken into consideration an extra financial selection when it comes to roof covering, with a per square foot price of $5. 40-10. 37.7 Slate roof covering can last even more than 100 years. It will not shed, is waterproof and stands up to mold and mildew as well as fungus.


00, although this can vary depending on the slope and also pitch of your roof covering. 15 The finest type of roofing system for you depends on your climate, spending plan and also house.

 

 

 

The Mtm Roofing Diaries


Roof can be costly, so you wish to make certain you're covered when the unexpected happens. Learn just how Better Roof Covering Replacement from Nationwide can help secure your house.


Residential roofing is an umbrella term for roofing solutions that concern frameworks that are created for individuals to live, specifically houses. If you're a house owner looking to restore or repair the roof covering of your home, or you would certainly such as to have a new roof covering set up, you would certainly employ the solutions of a household roof covering contractornot a business one.

 

 

 

 

 

 


Both commercial and residential roof systems should be made of resilient product that can hold up against extreme weather condition. Resilient options include: Metal Asphalt shingles Wood Solar shingles Nonetheless, unlike property roof covering, industrial roofing integrates elements like air flow and air conditioning, which have to be considered when choosing the ideal roof covering product.


They are also offered in a vast selection of shades as well as styles - Orem commercial roofers near me. Metal roof are terrific for Florida property owners with concerns concerning storm period, especially if you're in a serious weather-prone area like South Florida. Metal roof need to pass strict wind and also uplift tests that consist of simulated wind speeds that are over 150 miles per hour.

 

 

 

An Unbiased View of Mtm Roofing


Roof covering fixing & upkeep Roofing system substitute New roof setup Comprehensive roof assessments & price quotes Whether you are mounting a new roofing system on a new residence or changing an older roof covering that is no longer doing its job, there are numerous options in terms of the types of roof covering materials readily available.


Elements that determine what kind of roof covering is ideal include the slope and intricacy of the roofing system, as well as the design of the residence, regional climate as well as the expense of different roof alternatives. At Fortenberry Roofing, the trusted professional roofer of West Texas, you can trust that you'll have the very best roof covering in a snap! Call us today for your totally free estimate.

 

 

 

Mtm Roofing OremOrem Roofing
Clay and concrete ceramic tile roof covering are commonly organized together due to the fact that they are both masonry roof materials with similar setup needs. Whether clay or concrete is used as the molding product, completion result is a roof floor tile designed to overlap and/or interlock with nearby floor tiles. Clay and also concrete tile roof coverings are well-suited for warm climates that do not have high rainfall; they shouldn't be set up in locations where hefty, normal rainfalls as well as freezing temperatures are common.

 

 

 

Mtm Roofing Roofing CompaniesOrem Commercial Roofers Near Me
They are also available in a vast choice of colors and designs. Steel roof are fantastic for Florida home owners with worries about cyclone season, especially if you remain in a serious weather-prone location like South Florida. Metal roofing systems must pass rigorous wind as well as uplift tests that consist of simulated wind speeds that more than 150 miles per hr.

 

 

 

Some Known Factual Statements About Mtm Roofing


Roof repair & upkeep Roofing system substitute New roofing system installation Comprehensive roof view website assessments & price quotes Whether you are setting up a brand-new roofing system on a brand-new home or replacing an older roofing that is no longer doing its task, there are many choices in terms of the kinds of roof covering materials available.


Aspects that establish what kind of roof covering is ideal include the slope as well as intricacy of the roof covering, along with the design of the residence, local climate and the price of various roof covering alternatives. At Fortenberry Roof covering, the relied on roof covering contractor of West Texas, you can rely on that you'll have the ideal roofing in no time at all! Call us today for your totally free price quote - MTM Roofing roofing companies.




Clay and also concrete ceramic tile roofing are typically grouped together since they are both stonework roof products with comparable installment requirements. Whether clay or concrete is used as the molding material, the end outcome is a roofing ceramic tile made to overlap and/or interlace with surrounding tiles. Clay and concrete ceramic tile roofings are fit for hot environments that don't have high rains; they shouldn't be mounted in areas where hefty, regular rainfalls and freezing temperature levels prevail.
 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15